本文中规则条例英文直接引自NBA官方2024-2025规则手册的原文，中文为机器翻译人工粗略校核，难免有错误和不当之处，如有疑义请以英文为准。
以下关于NBA中活球、死球、跳球以及发界外球的规则，出自RULE NO. 6: Putting Ball in Play – Live/Dead Ball章节。
RULE NO. 6: Putting Ball in Play – Live/Dead Ball规则 6：开球 – 活球/死球Section I—Start of Games/Periods and Others 第一部分——比赛/每节的开始及其他a. The game and overtimes shall be started with a jump ball in the center circle.比赛和加时赛应以中圈跳球开始。
b. The team which gains first possession of the game will put the ball into play at their opponent’s endline to begin the fourth period. The other team will put the ball into play at their opponent’s endline at the beginning of the second and third periods.率先获得比赛球权的球队将在第四节开始时在对方的端线处发球。另一支球队将在第二节和第三节开始时在对方的端线处发球。
c. In putting the ball into play following a successful free throw, field goal or at the start of a period, the thrower-in may run along the endline or pass it to a teammate who is also out-of-bounds at the endline.在一次成功的罚球、投篮命中或一节比赛开始时将球投入比赛时，掷界外球的球员可以沿着端线跑动或将球传给同样位于端线界外的队友。
d. After any dead ball, play shall be resumed by a jump ball, a throw-in or a free throw.任何死球出现后，应通过跳球、掷界外球或罚球恢复比赛。
e. On the following infractions, the ball shall be awarded to the opposing team out- of- bounds on the nearest sideline at the free throw line extended:在下列犯规中，应将球判给对方球队，在最近的边线外罚球线延长线上位置掷界外球：
a. Three-seconds (offensive)进攻三秒
b. Ball entering basket from below球从下方进入篮筐
c. Illegal assist in scoring违规助攻得分
d. Punching foul 挥拳犯规
e. Free throw violation by the offensive team进攻方罚球违例
f. Flagrant foul-penalty (1) or (2)恶意犯规——罚则 (1) 或 (2)
g. Defensive three-seconds (offensive team retains possession)防守三秒（进攻方保留球权）
h. Jump ball violation at free throw circle罚球圈内跳球违例
i. Ball passing directly behind backboard球从篮板正后方穿过
j. Offensive basket interference进攻干扰球
k. Ball hitting horizontal basket support球击中篮框横梁支撑
l. Loose ball fouls which occur inside the free throw line extended罚球线延长线内发生的无球犯规
m. Five second back-to-the-basket violation五秒背对篮筐违例
f. On the following infractions, the ball shall be awarded to the opposing team on the baseline at the nearest spot outside the three-second area extended:在下列犯规中，应将球判给对方球队，在底线外最近的三秒区延长线外的位置掷界外球：
a. Ball out-of-bounds on baseline球在底线出界
b. Ball hitting vertical basket support球击中垂直篮筐支架
c. Defensive goaltending (all privileges remain)防守端干扰球（保留所有特权）
d. During a throw-in violation on the baseline在底线掷界外球违例时
g. On the following infractions, the ball shall be awarded to the opposing team on the sideline at the nearest spot but no nearer to the baseline than the free throw line extended:对于以下违例，球将被判给对方球队，在最近的边线处发球，但不得比罚球线延长线更靠近底线：：
a. Traveling 走步
b. Dribbling violations 运球违例
c. Striking or kicking the ball on any situation except a throw-in除界外球之外的任何情况下击球或踢球
d. Swinging of elbows 肘部摆动
e. Shot clock violation 进攻时间违例
f. Offensive screen set out-of-bounds设置进攻掩护越出界外
g. Offensive player illegally out-of-bounds进攻方球员非法出界
h. If the ball is kicked or punched during any throw-in, the ball will be returned to the original throw-in spot with all privileges, if any, remaining.如果在任何掷界外球过程中球被踢或被击打，则球将被送回原掷界外球点，并且所有权利（如果有）均保留。
i. On any play where the ball goes out-of-bounds on the sideline, the ball shall be awarded to the opposing team at that spot.在任何比赛中，当球在边线出界时，应在该地点将球判给对方球队。
j. Following a timeout that was called while the ball was alive, the ball shall be awarded out-of-bounds on the sideline at the nearest spot upon resumption of play. For all other timeouts, play shall resume where it was interrupted.如果暂停是在球处于活球状态时进行的，则比赛恢复后，应在边线最近的地点判界外球。对于所有其他暂停，比赛应在中断的地方继续进行。
a. EXCEPTION: Rule 5—Section VI—C—d.例外：规则 5—第 VI—C—d 条。
k. On a violation which requires putting the ball in play in the backcourt, the official will give the ball to the offensive player as soon as he is in a position out-of-bounds and ready to accept the ball在违反规定将球投入后场时，裁判员应在进攻球员处于界外位置并准备接球时立即将球交给进攻球员
a. EXCEPTION: In the last two minutes of each period or last two minutes of overtime, a reasonable amount of time shall be allowed for a substitution.例外：在每个回合的最后两分钟或加时赛的最后两分钟，应允许合理的时间进行换人。
Section II—Live Ball 第二部分——活球a. The ball becomes live when:下列情况发生时，球即为活球：
1. It is tossed by an official on any jump ball在跳球时被裁判员抛出
2. It is at the disposal of the offensive player for a throw-in由进攻球员支配，执行掷球入界时
3. It is placed at the disposal of a free throw shooter处于要执行罚球的球员手中
Section III—Ball is Alive 第三部分——球权激活a. The ball becomes alive when:球在以下情况下活球：
1. It is legally tapped by one of the participants of a jump ball跳球时，球被一名参加跳球的队员合法拍击
2. It is released by the thrower-in掷球入界时球离手
3. It is released by the free throw shooter on a free throw which will remain in play罚球队员罚球出手后球保持活球状态
Section IV—Dead Ball 第四部分——死球a. The ball becomes dead and/or remains dead when the following occurs:当发生下列情况时，球将成为死球并且/或者保持死球状态：
1. Official blows his/her whistle裁判吹哨
2. Free throw which will not remain in play (free throw which will be followed by another free throw, technical, flagrant, )不再继续进行罚球（罚球后将进行另一次罚球、技术犯规、恶意犯规）
3. Following a successful field goal or free throw that will remain in play, until player possession out-of-bounds. Contact which is NOT considered unsportsmanlike or unnecessary shall be ignored. (Rule 12A—Section V—i)投篮成功或罚球成功后，比赛仍继续进行，直到球员控球出界。不被视为违反体育道德或不必要的接触应被忽略。（规则 12A—第 V—i 节）
4. Time expires for the end of any period任何一节节末时间到期
1. EXCEPTION: If a field goal attempt is in flight, the ball becomes dead when the goal is made, missed or touched by an offensive player.例外：如果投篮出手，当球进、没进或者被进攻方球员触碰时，球即成为死球。
Section V—Jump Balls in Center Circle 第五部分——中圈跳球a. The ball shall be put into play in the center circle by a jump ball between any two opponents:比赛应由任意两个对手在中圈的跳球开启：
1. At the start of the game在比赛开始时
2. At the start of each overtime period每个加时赛开始时
3. A double free throw violation两次罚球违例
4. Double foul during a loose ball活球争夺状态期间的双重犯规
5. The ball becomes dead when neither team is in control and no field goal or infraction is involved当双方均未控制球权且未发生投篮或犯规时，球成为死球
6. The ball comes to rest on the basket flange or becomes lodged between the basket ring and the backboard球停在篮筐边缘上或卡在篮筐环和篮板之间
7. A double foul which occurs as a result of a difference in opinion between officials由于裁判员意见分歧而发生的双重犯规
8. A suspension of play occurs during a loose ball活球争夺状态期间发生的比赛暂停
9. A fighting foul occurs during a loose ball在活球争夺状态时发生打架犯规
10. The officials are in doubt as to which team last touched the ball before going out of bounds and the players cannot be identified裁判不确定哪支球队在出界前最后触球，也无法确定球员的身份
b. In all cases above, the jump ball shall be between any two opponents in the game at that time. If injury, ejection or disqualification makes it necessary for any player to be replaced, his substitute may not participate in the jump ball.在上述所有情况下，跳球应在当时比赛中任何两名对手之间进行。如果因受伤、被驱逐出场或取消资格而需要替换任何球员，则其替补球员不得参加跳球。
Section VI—Other Jump Balls 第六部分——其他跳球a. The ball shall be put into play by a jump ball at the circle which is closest to the spot where:比赛应通过在最靠近下列地点的圈内跳球进行：
1. A held ball occurs 发生持球争球时
2. A ball out-of-bounds caused by both teams occurs由两队引起的出界球发生时
3. An official is in doubt as to who last touched the ball裁判不确定谁最后触球时
b. The jump ball shall be between the two involved players unless injury or ejection precludes one of the jumpers from If the injured player must leave the game or is ejected, the coach of the opposing team shall select from his opponent’s bench a player who will replace the injured or ejected player. The injured player will not be permitted to re- enter the game. If a player is removed for a concussion evaluation, his coach shall select one of the four remaining players in the game to participate in the jump and may return to the game if he completes the evaluation pursuant to the NBA Concussion Policy, and is deemed not to have a concussion.跳球应在两名相关球员之间进行，除非受伤或被驱逐出场导致跳球者无法跳球。如果受伤球员必须离场或被驱逐出场，对方球队的教练应从对方的替补席上选择一名球员来替换受伤或被驱逐出场的球员。受伤球员不得重新上场。如果一名球员被替换出场进行脑震荡评估，他的教练应从比赛中剩余的四名球员中选择一名参与跳球，如果该球员根据 NBA 脑震荡政策完成评估并被认为没有脑震荡，则可以重返比赛。
Section VII—Restrictions Governing Jump Balls 第七部分——跳球限制a. Each jumper must have at least one foot on or inside that half of the jumping circle which is farthest from his own basket. Each jumper must have both feet within the restraining circle.每位跳球队员必须至少有一只脚位于远离自己篮筐的那一半跳球圈上或跳球圈内。每位跳球队员的双脚必须位于限制圈内。
b. The ball must be tapped by one or both of the players participating in the jump ball after it reaches its highest If the ball falls to the floor without being tapped by at least one of the jumpers, one of the officials off the ball shall whistle the ball dead and signal another toss.球到达最高点后，必须由参加跳球的一名或两名球员拍球，如果球落地而没有被至少一名跳球队员触碰，裁判员将吹停比赛并示意重新跳球。
c. Neither jumper may tap the tossed ball before it reaches its highest point.在球到达最高点之前，跳投双方均不得触球。
d. Neither jumper may leave his half of the jumping circle until the ball has been两名跳球队员在球被触碰之前不得离开自己那一半的跳球圆圈
e. Neither jumper may catch the tossed or tapped ball until it touches one of the eight non-jumpers, the floor, the basket or the backboard.在球触及八名非跳球队员、地面、篮筐或篮板之前，两位跳球队员不得接住或触碰球。
f. Neither jumper is permitted to tap the ball more than twice on any jump任何一名跳球队员不得在任何一次跳球中触碰球超过两次
g. The eight non-jumpers will remain outside the restraining circle until the ball has been tapped. Teammates may not occupy adjacent positions around the restraining circle if an opponent desires one of the positions. No player may position himself immediately behind an opponent on the restraining circle.八名非跳球队员必须在球被触碰前留在限制圈外。队友不得占据限制圈周围相邻的位置，除非对手希望占据这些位置。在限制圈上，任何球员不得站在对手的正后方。
1. Penalty for c., d., e., f., g.: Ball awarded out-of-bounds to the opponent.c.、d.、e.、f.、g. 的罚则：将球权判给对方界外。
h. Player position on the restraining circle is determined by the direction of a player’s basket. The player whose basket is nearest shall have first choice of position, with positions being alternated thereafter.球员在限制区的位置由球员面向篮筐的方向决定。距离篮筐最近的球员将首先选择位置，之后位置将交替选择。